赤泥颗粒和赤泥对污染土壤镉形态分布及水稻吸收的效应

赤泥能促进土壤中镉形态转化(离子交换态向残渣态转化),但赤泥碱性很强,对土壤的功能有一定的破坏,为此采用盆栽试验研究了赤泥粉和改性赤泥颗粒对酸性潮泥田土壤镉形态分布及水稻生长的影响.结果表明,同比例(5％ W/W)赤泥颗粒的pH值较赤泥粉下降2.4个单位,但随着时间的推移,改性后赤泥颗粒中OH-有缓释的趋势;同比例(5％ W/W)赤泥颗粒对镉污染土壤的形态分布影响在修复前期比赤泥粉小,在修复后期与赤泥粉基本相同甚至稍大,但两者对水稻生长影响不同:添加赤泥颗粒导致水稻增产18.3％,添加赤泥粉导致水稻减产33.3％;赤泥粉和赤泥颗粒均能抑制水稻对土壤中镉的吸收,添加量越高,抑制效果越明显;添加合适的赤泥颗粒能促进水稻的生长,反之抑制水稻的生长,通过试验,初步确定水稻生长状况最好的赤泥颗粒添加量为3％( W/W),此时离子交换态最大降幅为32.1％,残渣态最大增幅为13.7％,水稻增产37.35％,糙米镉含量减少43.8％,低于国家食品卫生标准限值(Cd≤0.2 mg·kg-1).     

无糖型半夏泻心颗粒制备工艺的研究

目的 优选无糖型半夏泻心颗粒最佳制备工艺。方法 以黄芩苷、小檗碱含量和出膏率为指标,应用L9（34）正交设计和多指标综合评分法优选无糖型半夏泻心颗粒最佳水提取工艺;以成型性、制粒情况为指标,考察辅料、矫味剂的种类和配比。结果 最佳提取工艺为黄连用70%乙醇提取后,药渣与处方中其他6味药混合,提取3次,第一次加9倍量水,煎煮1 h,第二次加8倍量水,煎煮1 h,第三次加6倍量水,煎煮0.5 h;最佳的辅料种类和比例为浸膏粉：糊精：可溶性淀粉：甜味素=1：0.6：0.2：0.015,85%乙醇为润湿剂。结论 该工艺合理可行,适宜做无糖型半夏泻心颗粒的制备工艺。     

1%噻虫嗪·联苯菊酯颗粒剂的配方筛选及药效研究

采用旋转包衣法研制出1%噻虫嗪·联苯菊酯颗粒剂。采用优选组合法对多种助剂进行筛选,确定最优配方为:噻虫嗪0.5%、联苯菊酯0.5%;木质素磺酸钠0.1%;着色剂0.1%;白炭黑0.8%;JPPC-02 1.4%;凯松0.004%;黄原胶0.002%;硅酸铝镁0.006%;水0.79%;河砂补至100%。田间药效试验表明,该颗粒剂对黄曲条跳甲有较好的防治效果,在450和600g/hm~2有效成分的用量下,药后15d对成虫和幼虫的防治效果均在80%以上,显示出较强的应用前景和开发价值。     

金龟子绿僵菌的藻胶颗粒剂型及其促进种群恢复作用

为了保护绿僵菌的存活能力并促进其田间增殖,本试验研究了以海藻胶粒剂型化金龟子绿僵菌的成胶浓度、载体、促活组分、外膜等因素对绿僵菌的存活保护与增殖促进作用。结果确定了适合于金龟子绿僵菌与海藻酸钠、钙离子交联反应的最适条件为海藻酸钠2%、氯化钙0.2~0.3 mol/L;填充4%~10%凹凸棒土支撑颗粒内部胶网,有利于孢子存活和恢复生长;添加0.5%玉米粉或糊精作为促活剂,可使孢子增殖率提高60%;以1.5%海藻酸钠与3.5%聚乙烯醇联合形成的颗粒剂外膜对抵御外界微生物侵袭有一定作用。     

颗粒料质量流量测量误差动态估算方法

提出了一种利用冲量原理测量固体颗粒物料实时物料速度和质量流量的方法,同时给出了一种可动态估算速度和质量流量测量误差的方法.利用自行设计的实验装置,并采用大豆作为实验材料进行了测量误差估算的实验,实验结果表明:在所设计的实验条件下,估算的质量流量相对误差最大值为4.00％,平均相对误差为1.44％;估算的速度相对测量误差最大值为9.69％,平均相对误差为5.03％,动态测量精度和总质量计量精度之间有较好的相关性.     

中药制剂“球灭”颗粒剂成型工艺研究

考察了不同＂球灭＂颗粒剂的制粒处方,筛选出干浸膏粉和可溶性淀粉的最佳组成为1∶1.5,黏合剂为75%酒精。所制颗粒的吸湿率小、成型率高、溶化率高。该结果可为＂球灭＂颗粒剂处方组成的确定及生产环境的控制提供实验依据。     

金板青颗粒中绿原酸的提取工艺和含量测定

建立金板青颗粒中绿原酸的提取工艺并对其有效成分含量进行测定。选择L9(34)正交表安排试验,用HPLC测定金板青颗粒中绿原酸的含量。结果表明,金板青颗粒中绿原酸的最佳提取工艺为12倍用量水提取3次,每次2.5 h。绿原酸线性范围在10.0~100μg/mL,r=0.9999,平均回收率100.75%(RSD=1.62%,n=6)。试验结果说明,本工艺稳定可行、科学可靠,含量测定方法简便准确,重复性好,可用于控制该颗粒剂的质量。     

A comparative study of eutrophication evaluationmodels based on SOM neural network and SVM

A SBR inoculated with conventional activated sludge was employed to cultivate aerobic granular sludge.Under the selective pressure of settling time, the formation of nitrifying granules enriched with the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was achieved by increasing the nitrogen loading rate (NLR).The nitrifying granule was shaped like a sphere or a ellipsoid with an equivalent diameter of approximate 1.1 mm, an average settling velocity of 1.9 cm·s-1and the sludge volume index of 18.2～31.4 mL·g-1.As the aerobic granular system was operated stably, the NLR reached a value of 0.045 5 kgNH4+ N· (kg MLSS·d)-1 with ammonia removal efficiency above 95% and nitrite accumulation ratio in the range of 80%～90%.The NLR was 4.55 times higher than that of the start up period.The enrichment of the nitrifying bacteria was quantified by FISH analysis which indicated that AOB was 14.9% of the total bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was 0.89%.It is concluded that the associated inhibition of FA at the start of the reaction and FNA at the end of the reaction would be the key factors to start up and maintain the stable nitritation.     

Impact of Fusarium oxysporum on the holoparasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa: biocontrol efficacy under field-grown conditions

Under the changing agro-climatic conditions of western Europe, the parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa infests host crops such as tomato, hemp, tobacco and oilseed rape at an increasing rate. A Fusarium oxysporum isolate (FOG), that had effectively reduced the parasite's incidence under controlled environmental conditions, was tested in different granular formulations (pesta granules, alginate pellets) on P. ramosa parasitising tobacco under field-grown conditions. FOG reduced number and biomass of P. ramosa shoots by between 50% and 70% in three consecutive years (2006–2008). A single pesta application did not show consistent results throughout seasons; 50% reduction of P. ramosa biomass (DM) in the first year could not be repeated in the following years (20–30%). An alginate formulation applied alone performed better. However, a combination of pesta granules with alginate pellets had the highest reliable control efficacy (60–70%) of all treatments in two seasons, compared with the untreated control. Fungal population counts in soil samples did not show a close correlation to biocontrol efficacy. To understand field performance of this biocontrol agent, additional glasshouse and laboratory studies were conducted using soil from the experimental site. The glasshouse study revealed some fungistatic effects of the field soil that partly explain the reduced efficacy (-40%) in the field compared with results obtained under controlled conditions. Results show the potential of FOG for P. ramosa control. Because formulation affected the biocontrol efficacy, it may be worthwhile to test how the delivery system can be changed in order to achieve increased disease development in the field.     

不同HMW-GSs组成小麦籽粒淀粉理化特性对面团稳定时间的影响

【目的】小麦面团由面筋蛋白形成的细丝包裹淀粉构成。面团的流变学特性影响着食品的加工品质。探究淀粉理化特性对面团流变学特性的影响,为阐明淀粉在面团中的作用提供理论依据。【方法】以12个小麦品种或品系为试验材料,这12个试验材料具有3种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GSs）组合,新麦26、济麦44、西农615和藁城8901的亚基组合为1、7+8、5+10;西农221、西农979、西农633和西农059的亚基组合为1、7+8、2+12;15（85）2A、14（417）0-0-10、小偃22和周麦18的亚基组合为1、7+9、2+12。从试验材料的面粉中提取淀粉并用扫描电子显微镜观察淀粉粒形态,测定并分析淀粉理化性质（淀粉粒分布、直链淀粉含量、相对结晶度、短程有序度和热特性）和面团混揉特性（形成时间和稳定时间）。【结果】12个材料淀粉颗粒中,大淀粉粒呈不规则的椭圆形,小淀粉粒呈不规则椭圆形或多面体。新麦26、济麦44、藁城8901、西农221、西农979和西农059淀粉粒排列紧密,西农615、西农633、15（85）2A、14（417）0-0-10、小偃22和周麦18的淀粉粒排列较为分散,西农979、15（85）2A、小偃22和周麦18中含有较大直径的A型淀粉粒。A型淀粉粒含量越高,B型淀粉粒含量就会越低,B型淀粉粒与A型淀粉粒含量的比值就会越小。当材料间的直链淀粉含量接近时,那么它们的面团稳定时间也较为接近。12个材料淀粉的X射线衍射图相似,均属于A型晶体结构。淀粉的傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明,新麦26拥有最高的1 045/1 022 cm^-1值和最低的1 022/995 cm^-1值;周麦18的1 022/995 cm^-1值最高,反而1 045/1 022 cm^-1值较低。这表明试验材料较高的1 045/1 022 cm^-1值通常对应较低的1 022/995 cm^-1值。12个试验材料的淀粉特性不同,其面团稳定时间也有显著差异。新麦26、济麦44、西农221、西农979和西农633具有较长的面团稳定时间,其中,新麦26的面团稳定时间远远长于其他材料。【结论】在12个试验材料中,直链淀粉含量（r=0.88,P<0.01）和淀粉短程有序度（r=0.83,P<0.01）与面团的稳定时间呈显著正相关,A型淀粉粒含量（r=0.61,P<0.05）、淀粉相对结晶度（r=0.84,P<0.01）和淀粉糊化焓（r=0.71,P<0.01）与面团稳定时间呈显著负相关。